Manzanilla (Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii)
Beautiful and Versatile Perennial
Common Names: Manzanilla, Turk's Cap, Mexican Apple, Wax Mallow, Drummond’s Wax Mallow
Family: Malvaceae
Origin: Southern United States, Mexico, Central America
Manzanilla (Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii), also known as Turk's Cap or Mexican Apple, is a hardy, perennial shrub known for its vibrant, showy flowers and versatility in the garden. The unique, tightly coiled red flowers resemble a turban or cap, making them stand out in any landscape. Blooming from spring to fall, Manzanilla attracts pollinators such as hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees, while its edible fruit and flowers make it a valuable plant for both ornamental and practical purposes.
Distinctive Features, Uses, and Nutritional Value
Flowers: The bright red, tightly coiled flowers resemble a turban or cap, making them a unique addition to the garden. Unlike other hibiscus species, the petals of Manzanilla remain curled and never fully open. These flowers attract pollinators like hummingbirds and butterflies and bloom for an extended period from spring to fall.
Fruit: The plant produces small, apple-like edible fruits that are often referred to as "manzanilla," meaning "little apple." The fruits can be eaten raw or used in jams and jellies.
Foliage: Manzanilla has broad, dark green, heart-shaped leaves, which add texture and color to the landscape year-round.
Growth Habit: This perennial shrub can grow up to 4-10 feet tall, depending on the climate and conditions, and forms a dense, bushy structure that works well in hedges, borders, or as a standalone feature.
Culinary and Medicinal Uses
The small, apple-like fruits of Manzanilla are edible and can be eaten fresh, made into jellies, or used in beverages. The flowers, too, can be used to make herbal teas, which are traditionally consumed for their mild sedative properties. In some cultures, the plant is also used in traditional medicine to help treat minor ailments like digestive issues and inflammation.
Quick Care Guide
| Plant Type: | Perennial Shrub |
| Harvest Season: | Summer to Fall (for fruits and flowers) |
| Mature Size: | 4-10 feet tall, 3-6 feet wide |
| Soil & Moisture: | Well-draining, moderately fertile soil; drought-tolerant once established |
| Light Requirements: | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Growth Rate: | Moderate to Fast |
| Self-fertile: | Yes |
| Zone Hardiness: | Outdoors 7-11; Patio/Greenhouse 4+; Easily grown in containers! |
| Propagation: | Grown from seeds, cuttings, or layering. |
Growing Guide for Manzanilla
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Climate: Manzanilla thrives in warm, tropical to subtropical climates and is best suited for USDA zones 7-11. The plant is relatively drought-tolerant and can withstand hot, dry conditions once established. It is also frost-hardy in milder climates, regrowing from its roots after light frosts.
- Soil: The plant prefers well-draining, moderately fertile soil but can adapt to a variety of soil types. It tolerates slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0-7.0) and benefits from added organic matter like compost to improve fertility and moisture retention.
Planting
- Location: Choose a sunny to partially shaded spot. Full sun encourages more prolific flowering, but the plant can tolerate partial shade in hotter climates.
- Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil and mix in organic compost to enhance fertility and drainage.
- Planting Time: Plant in spring or early summer when the soil has warmed and there is no risk of frost.
- Spacing: Space plants 3-6 feet apart to allow for their bushy growth habit.
Watering
- Moderate Moisture: Water regularly during the first year to establish a strong root system. Once established, Manzanilla is drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering, although it will benefit from occasional deep watering during dry spells.
Sunlight and Fertilizing
- Full Sun to Partial Shade: For best flowering, plant Manzanilla in full sun. It can tolerate partial shade but may produce fewer flowers in shadier locations.
- Fertilizing: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring and again in mid-summer to support healthy growth and abundant flowering. Adding compost or well-rotted manure can improve soil fertility.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Low Maintenance: Manzanilla requires little pruning but can be lightly pruned after flowering to maintain its shape and encourage bushier growth. If grown as a hedge, trim regularly to control its size.
- Container Growing: The plant can be grown in large containers with well-draining potting soil. This makes it a good option for patios or smaller garden spaces.
Pest and Disease Management
- Common Pests: The plant may attract aphids, whiteflies, or spider mites, especially in hot, dry weather. Use neem oil or insecticidal soap to manage infestations.
- Diseases: Manzanilla is generally disease-resistant but may suffer from root rot if grown in poorly draining soil. Ensure good drainage to prevent fungal issues.
Harvesting Manzanilla
When to Harvest:
- The edible fruits can be harvested in late summer to fall when they turn red and are slightly soft to the touch. The flowers can be harvested throughout the blooming season for teas and garnishes.
How to Use:
- The fruits can be eaten fresh, made into jams, or used in drinks. The flowers are used to make a mild, calming tea or as a garnish for salads and desserts.
Health Benefits
Manzanilla is valued in traditional medicine for its calming, anti-inflammatory, and digestive properties. Teas made from the flowers are often used to relieve mild stress and digestive discomfort. The fruits are rich in antioxidants and provide a nutritious, tangy snack.
